program transformation - definizione. Che cos'è program transformation
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Cosa (chi) è program transformation - definizione

Program transformations; Language processing program; Source code transformation; Program transformation system

program transformation         
The systematic development of efficient programs from high-level specifications by meaning-preserving program manipulations. Also known as optimisation. See fusion, loop combination, peephole optimisation, {register allocation}, tupling, unfold/fold.
Program transformation         
A program transformation is any operation that takes a computer program and generates another program. In many cases the transformed program is required to be semantically equivalent to the original, relative to a particular formal semantics and in fewer cases the transformations result in programs that semantically differ from the original in predictable ways.
Transformation (genetics)         
  • Schematic of bacterial transformation – for which artificial competence must first be induced.
PLANNED GENETIC ALTERATION OF A CELL BY UPTAKE OF GENETIC MATERIAL FROM THE ENVIRONMENT
DNA transfer; Bacterial transformation; Transformation, bacterial; Genetic transformation; Cell transformation, viral; Cell transformation, neoplastic; Transformation, genetic; Transformation (bacteria); Cellular transformation; Yeast transformation; Genetic transformation of plants
In molecular biology and genetics, transformation is the genetic alteration of a cell resulting from the direct uptake and incorporation of exogenous genetic material from its surroundings through the cell membrane(s). For transformation to take place, the recipient bacterium must be in a state of competence, which might occur in nature as a time-limited response to environmental conditions such as starvation and cell density, and may also be induced in a laboratory.

Wikipedia

Program transformation

A program transformation is any operation that takes a computer program and generates another program. In many cases the transformed program is required to be semantically equivalent to the original, relative to a particular formal semantics and in fewer cases the transformations result in programs that semantically differ from the original in predictable ways.

While the transformations can be performed manually, it is often more practical to use a program transformation system that applies specifications of the required transformations. Program transformations may be specified as automated procedures that modify compiler data structures (e.g. abstract syntax trees) representing the program text, or may be specified more conveniently using patterns or templates representing parameterized source code fragments.

A practical requirement for source code transformation systems is that they be able to effectively process programs written in a programming language. This usually requires integration of a full front-end for the programming language of interest, including source code parsing, building internal program representations of code structures, the meaning of program symbols, useful static analyses, and regeneration of valid source code from transformed program representations. The problem of building and integrating adequate front ends for conventional languages (Java, C++, PHP etc.) may be of equal difficulty as building the program transformation system itself because of the complexity of such languages. To be widely useful, a transformation system must be able to handle many target programming languages, and must provide some means of specifying such front ends.

A generalisation of semantic equivalence is the notion of program refinement: one program is a refinement of another if it terminates on all the initial states for which the original program terminates, and for each such state it is guaranteed to terminate in a possible final state for the original program. In other words, a refinement of a program is more defined and more deterministic than the original program. If two programs are refinements of each other, then the programs are equivalent.